Box-Type Substation Layout and Structure A box-type substation, also known as a compact or prefabricated substation, is an integrated power distribution unit designed for efficient and space-saving electrical transformation. It combines high-voltage switchgear, transformers, low-voltage distribution equipment, and control systems within a single enclosure, making it suitable for urban, industrial, and rural applications. Layout The layout of a box-type substation is optimized for functionality and safety, typically divided into three main compartments: 1. High-Voltage (HV) Compartment - Located at one end or side of the enclosure, this section houses HV switchgear, including circuit breakers, load switches, and fuses. - Cable terminations and busbars are insulated to prevent short circuits. - Surge arresters and grounding switches ensure protection against overvoltages. 2. Transformer Compartment - The core of the substation, containing a dry-type or oil-immersed transformer (typically 10kV/0.4kV or 35kV/0.4kV). - Designed with ventilation or cooling systems (fans or radiators) to manage heat dissipation. - Soundproofing materials may be included to reduce noise pollution. 3. Low-Voltage (LV) Compartment - Equipped with LV switchgear, circuit breakers, meters, and capacitor banks for power factor correction. - Distribution busbars and outgoing feeders supply power to end-users. - Control panels and monitoring systems (SCADA or remote I/O) enable automation and remote operation. Structure The substation’s structure is built for durability and environmental adaptability: - Enclosure: Made of corrosion-resistant steel or aluminum, with weatherproof and fire-resistant coatings. Some designs use reinforced concrete for added protection. - Doors & Access: Lockable doors with safety interlocks prevent unauthorized access. Inspection windows may be installed for visual monitoring. - Ventilation: Louvers or forced-air systems maintain airflow while keeping out dust and moisture. - Foundation: Elevated or ground-mounted with cable trenches for easy installation and maintenance. - Safety Features: Grounding systems, fire alarms, and emergency exits comply with industry standards (IEC, IEEE). Advantages - Compact Design: Saves space compared to conventional substations. - Modularity: Prefabricated components reduce installation time. - Mobility: Can be relocated if needed. - Protection: Fully enclosed structure enhances safety and reduces environmental impact. Box-type substations are widely used in residential complexes, factories, and renewable energy projects due to their reliability and flexibility. Their standardized design ensures easy maintenance and scalability for future upgrades.